WHAT IS A MIOMA IN THE UTERUS?

Uterine fibroids are benign tumors that develop in the female uterus, also called fibroids. It is important to highlight that, if you are diagnosed with fibroids (or uterine fibroids), this is the most common type of non-cancerous tumor found in the uterus of women and treatment is available.

Fibroids are benign, smooth-surfaced tumors that can grow inside or outside the uterus. These tumors are mostly composed of muscle tissue and rarely form in the cervix. When this occurs, it is common for fibroids to also be present in the upper and larger region of the uterus. These fibroids in the upper part of the uterus are known as leiomyomas or simply fibroids.

THE SYMPTOMS OF MIOMAS

Uterine fibroids, also called fibroids, can cause a variety of symptoms that can vary depending on the size, number, and location of the tumors. Some of the most common symptoms include:

• Abnormal uterine bleeding: Uterine fibroids can cause heavy, prolonged, or irregular menstrual periods.
• Pelvic pain: Women with fibroids may experience pain in the pelvic area or lower back.
• Pressure or heaviness: Large fibroids can cause a feeling of pressure or heaviness in the abdomen.
• Difficulty urinating: In rare cases, large uterine fibroids can press on the bladder and cause difficulty urinating.
• Constipation: Large fibroids can also press on the intestines and cause constipation.
• Infertility: In rare cases, fibroids can interfere with fertility, preventing pregnancy.
• Pregnancy complications: Pregnant women with fibroids may be at greater risk of miscarriage, premature delivery, or other complications during pregnancy.

It is important to remember that many women with uterine fibroids may not have symptoms and therefore may not know they have the condition. Seeing a doctor regularly is critical to detecting uterine fibroids and treating the condition if necessary.

CAUSES OF UTERINE FIROIDS

The exact causes of uterine fibroids are still not completely understood, but it is believed that a combination of factors may contribute to their development. Some of these factors include:

• Hormones: Uterine fibroids are more common in women of reproductive age, suggesting that female hormones such as estrogen and progesterone may play an important role in their development.
• Genetics: Women with a family history of uterine fibroids are more likely to develop the condition.
• Race: Black women are more likely to develop uterine fibroids compared to women of other races.
• Obesity: Obesity can increase your risk of developing uterine fibroids.
• Diet: Intake of red meat and alcohol may be associated with an increased risk of uterine fibroids.
• Stress: Stress can increase your risk of developing uterine fibroids.

It is important to remember that many women with uterine fibroids have no known risk factors and that the condition can occur in any woman. Seeing a doctor regularly and having routine gynecological exams can help detect uterine fibroids early and prevent complications.

METHODS OF DETENTION AND EVALUATION OF FIROIDS IN THE UTERUS

The most common methods for detecting and evaluating uterine fibroids (or fibroids) include:

• Ultrasound: Pelvic ultrasound is often used to diagnose uterine fibroids. This test uses high-frequency sound waves to create images of the uterus and female reproductive organs.
• Hysteroscopy: This procedure involves inserting a device called a hysteroscope through the vagina and cervix to view the inside of the uterus. Fibroids can be seen and evaluated directly using this method.
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) uses radio frequency waves and a strong magnetic field to create detailed images of the uterus and pelvic organs. This test is generally reserved for more complex cases or to assess the extent of fibroids.
• Computed tomography: Computed tomography (CT) is similar to MRI in that it produces detailed images of the uterus and pelvic organs, but uses x-rays instead of radiofrequency waves.
• Biopsy: In rare cases, a piece of fibroid tissue may be taken for analysis through a biopsy. This is usually done when there is concern that the fibroid could be cancerous.

It is important to consult a doctor specializing in gynecology or obstetrics for evaluation and diagnosis of uterine fibroids.

TREATMENT OF UTERINE FIROIDS

There are several treatment options for uterine fibroids, which may vary according to the severity of the symptoms, the patient's age, the location and size of the tumors, among other factors. Some of the most common treatment options include:

• Observation: If the fibroids are small and not causing significant symptoms, the doctor may simply monitor them closely and take an observational approach.
• Medications: Medications such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), hormonal contraceptives, and GnRH agonists can be used to reduce the symptoms of fibroids.
• Myomectomy: Myomectomy is a surgery that removes fibroids while preserving the uterus. It is recommended for women who want to have children in the future.
• Hysterectomy: A hysterectomy is surgery that removes the uterus and, in some cases, also the ovaries. It is recommended for women who have gone through menopause or who do not wish to have children in the future.
• Uterine ablation: Uterine ablation is a procedure that uses heat, cold, or electrical energy to destroy fibroid tissue.
• Uterine artery embolization:  is a minimally invasive technique that consists of blocking blood flow to the fibroids, causing their shrinkage and death.

Each treatment option has its own advantages and disadvantages, and the choice will depend on each patient's individual needs and preferences. It is important to discuss all treatment options with your doctor to choose the best approach for your specific case.

SURGICAL TREATMENTS FOR UTERINE FIROIDS

There are several types of surgical treatments available for uterine fibroids, including:

• Myomectomy: This procedure involves removing the uterine fibroid without removing the uterus. It is an option for women who want to maintain fertility or preserve the uterus.
• Hysterectomy: This is the most common procedure for treating uterine fibroids. It involves complete removal of the uterus and is an option for women who no longer wish to have children.
• Uterine artery embolization: As mentioned earlier, this minimally invasive procedure involves cutting off blood flow to the uterine fibroids, causing them to shrink and die.
• Endometrial ablation: This procedure is used to treat excessive uterine bleeding caused by uterine fibroids. It involves removing the inner lining of the uterus, which is the cause of the bleeding.

It is important to discuss treatment options with a doctor who specializes in gynecology or obstetrics to determine which is the best option for each individual case.

NON-SURGICAL TREATMENTS FOR UTERINE FIBROIDS

There are several non-surgical treatments available for uterine fibroids, including:

• Hormone therapy: Hormonal medications, such as birth control pills, can help shrink fibroids and relieve associated symptoms, such as pain and heavy bleeding.
• Uterine artery embolization: As mentioned earlier, this minimally invasive procedure involves cutting off blood flow to the uterine fibroids, causing them to shrink and die.
• High-intensity focused ultrasound: This procedure uses high-frequency sound waves to destroy fibroids. It is considered a non-invasive option and may be an alternative to surgery in certain cases.
• Radiofrequency ablation: This procedure uses a probe that is inserted into the uterine fibroid to send radiofrequency waves that heat and destroy the tissue. It is another non-surgical option that can be considered for treating uterine fibroids.

It is important to discuss treatment options with a doctor who specializes in gynecology or obstetrics to determine which is the best option for each individual case.