Anal cancer, also called anal adenocarcinoma, is a type of cancer that develops in the tissues of the anus. This can include the rectum and surrounding glands. Anal cancer causes 1% of all cancers diagnosed in the United States. It is more common in women than men and is rare before the age of 40, with most cases occurring between the ages of 50 and 70.
ANAL CANCER
It can also spread to other areas of the body, such as the rectum or lymph nodes. The main cause of anal cancer is the human papillomavirus (HPV), a common virus that spreads through sexual contact. Anal cancers are more common in men than women and usually occur after age 50, although they can occur at any age.
Anal warts are another type of condition caused by HPV infection and can be found around the opening of the anus or on other parts of the body where there are folds of skin, such as the vagina or the shaft of the penis (if you are female). They can be difficult to see because they look like small bumps under the surface, but if you experience symptoms such as bleeding from the anus, it may be worth seeing a doctor who can check for this condition. The main symptoms of anal cancer are bleeding from the anus and pain in the surrounding area. Other signs include itching, burning, discharge from the anus, and a sore that won't heal.
RISK FACTORS
People with HIV who have not been diagnosed and treated for their infection are also at increased risk for anal cancer. The virus can contribute to the development of this disease by causing changes in the immune system that facilitate the growth of cancer cells. People who have had HPV (genital warts) are also at greater risk of contracting this disease because the virus can contribute to the development of anal cancer by causing changes in the immune system that facilitate the growth of cancer cells.
- Men who have sex with men.
- People who have HIV.
- People who have had HPV (genital warts).
People with a weakened immune system, such as those who are HIV positive or who take certain drugs that suppress the immune system (such as organ transplant recipients ). Those exposed to radiation from medical X-rays, such as people with cancer or those who have received radiation treatments for another condition in their anal canal or pelvic area. Those with long-term untreated HIV infection may be at greater risk of anal cancer because their bodies cannot fight infections as well as when they were younger and healthier.
SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
Other symptoms include a lump in the anal area and/or lower back, vomiting blood, severe pain when having a bowel movement (which can last for hours afterwards), rectal bleeding unrelated to menstruation, swelling in the anal area and/or lower back of the back that is not related to menstruation. Colon cancer is usually diagnosed at an early stage, when it is most treatable and may not cause any symptoms in its early stages.
- If you experience any of the symptoms listed above, it's important that you call your doctor right away. If colon cancer is diagnosed at an early stage, treatment is more likely to be successful.
- Pain during bowel movements
- bleeding from the anus
- Anal itching, which may be severe enough to wake you up at night and/or cause frequent itching between bowel movements
- Swelling in the anal area and/or lower back unrelated to menstruation (rectal bleeding unrelated to menstruation)
DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT
The diagnosis is made through a biopsy. Treatment options include surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy. Surgery is the most common treatment for anal cancer; it is also the only treatment for early-stage anal cancer. After surgery, chemotherapy or radiation therapy may be needed if the cancer has spread too far to be completely removed by surgery.
It can be given before surgery or after surgery, or both. The type of radiotherapy used depends on the stage of your cancer. The goal of chemotherapy and radiation therapy is to kill any cancer cells that may remain after surgery. It also helps relieve symptoms caused by the disease, such as pain and bleeding. After surgery for anal cancer, you may need to have chemotherapy or radiation therapy later if the cancer has spread too far to be completely removed by surgery.
WHO IS AT RISK?
If any of these situations apply to you, talk to your doctor about how often he or she should examine your anus during routine appointments to catch any problems early - before they become serious enough that treatment is needed right away. instead of waiting until later. when more invasive procedures may become necessary.
If you're not sure whether an anal exam is something your doctor has already done, ask him or her about it. If you haven't already, schedule one and make sure you don't miss any spots during the exam. It is important to catch problems early so that treatment can be given quickly and effectively before it is too late.
- People with a history of anal cancer.
- People with a family history of anal cancer.
- People who have had an HPV infection (genital or oral).
- People who have had an abnormal Pap smear .
People who have had an abnormal anal exam, which can be caused by inflammation or infection , but can also indicate the presence of precancerous changes in cells in the anus (known as Bowen 's disease ). If you have this condition, you will need regular checkups and tests to check for signs that it may be turning into cancerous cells.
LEARN WHAT ANAL CANCER IS AND THE RISK FACTORS AND SYMPTOMS.
Anal cancer is a rare form of cancer that can affect both men and women. It is more common in men than women, but affects both sexes equally. The exact cause of anal cancer is unknown, but there are some risk factors you should be aware of if you have anal sex or have been sexually active with someone else.
A common symptom of anal cancer is bleeding from your anus (rectum). This can happen with any type of bowel movement, including pooping or having sex. Other symptoms include pain during bowel movements, persistent itching around the anus (perianal area), discharge from the anus that looks like blood clots or mucus - but don't rely on these symptoms alone! If something doesn't feel right down there and it goes on for more than two weeks without getting better on its own, make an appointment with your doctor ASAP because that could mean something serious is going on inside those cheeks!
And if you're reading this, it means you've probably had anal sex before and you're wondering how safe it is. The truth is, no studies have been done on the risk of contracting HIV from anal sex, but researchers know that there is a much lower risk than from vaginal sex due to the integrity of the tissue (HA!). If you think about it, your anus doesn't have as many blood vessels or nerves as your vagina, as you don't have to pass a baby through it. This makes it harder for HIV positive semen to get into the bloodstream and infect these cells!
CONCLUSION
It can be difficult to diagnose because symptoms may not appear until the disease has spread. Anal cancer is often found at an advanced stage because many people don't go to the doctor until it's too late. The best way to prevent anal cancer is through regular checkups and early detection , visiting your doctor if you notice any changes in your body or anal area.
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