ESOPHAGEAL CANCER

Esophageal cancer is a serious medical condition that affects the muscular tube that carries food and liquids from the throat to the stomach, the esophagus. In this article, we will explore in depth all aspects related to esophageal cancer, from its symptoms to prevention measures. It is essential to be well informed about this disease, especially if you are in a risk group.

Esophageal Cancer Symptoms

Esophageal cancer symptoms can vary, but it is crucial to be aware of them as early diagnosis is essential for effective treatment. Some of the common symptoms include:

• Dysphagia: Dysphagia is the difficulty swallowing solid or liquid foods. This could be an early sign of esophageal cancer, as the tumor can narrow the esophagus, making it difficult for food to pass through.
• Chest Pain: Chest pain, often felt behind the breastbone, can be a symptom of esophageal cancer. This pain may worsen when swallowing or lying down.
• Unexplained Weight Loss: Unexplained weight loss is a common symptom in many types of cancer, including esophageal cancer. If you are losing weight for no apparent reason, you should see a doctor immediately.
• Regurgitation: Regurgitation involves the involuntary return of food or liquid from the stomach into the esophagus. This can cause discomfort and is a potential symptom of esophageal cancer.
• Hoarseness: Persistent hoarseness may be a symptom, as esophageal cancer can affect the vocal cords.

CAUSES OF ESOPHAGEAL CANCER

The exact causes of esophageal cancer are not yet fully understood, but several risk factors have been identified, including:

• Smoking: Smoking significantly increases the risk of esophageal cancer. Tobacco smoke contains several carcinogens that can damage the lining of the esophagus over time.
• Excessive Alcohol Consumption: Excessive alcohol consumption is linked to an increased risk of esophageal cancer. Alcohol can irritate the lining of the esophagus and make it more susceptible to damage.
• Gastroesophageal Reflux: When stomach acid frequently backflows into the esophagus, it can increase the risk of cancer. Stomach acid is corrosive and can damage the lining of the esophagus over time.
• Obesity: Being overweight can also increase your risk of esophageal cancer. Excess weight can put pressure on the abdomen, which can lead to acid reflux.
• Exposure to Chemical Substances: Occupational exposure to certain chemicals, such as cleaning chemicals, may increase the risk of esophageal cancer. People who regularly work with these substances must take appropriate precautions.

DIAGNOSIS OF ESOPHAGEAL CANCER

Diagnosing esophageal cancer involves several procedures, including:

• Endoscopy: Endoscopy is a procedure in which a flexible tube with a camera is inserted into the esophagus. This allows doctors to see the inside of the esophagus and take biopsies if necessary. Endoscopy is essential to determine the presence of tumors or other abnormalities in the esophagus.

• Computed Tomography (CT): A CT scan can be used to evaluate the extent of the cancer and determine whether it has spread to lymph nodes or other organs. It provides a detailed image of the esophagus and surrounding areas, helping to determine the stage of the disease.
• Biopsy: A biopsy is the procedure in which a tissue sample is taken for examination under a microscope. This is essential to confirm the diagnosis of esophageal cancer and determine the type of cancer present.

ESOPHAGEAL CANCER TREATMENT:

Treatment for esophageal cancer is determined based on the stage of the disease, and options may include:

• Surgery: Surgery is often necessary to remove the tumor. Depending on the stage of the cancer, part of the esophagus or all of the esophagus may need to be removed. Surgery is a common option when the cancer is still located in the esophagus.

• Radiotherapy: Radiotherapy uses high-energy radiation to destroy cancer cells or stop their growth. It is often used before surgery to reduce the size of the tumor or after surgery to eliminate any remaining cancer cells.
• Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy involves the use of medicines to fight cancer, either alone or in conjunction with other treatments. It is a common option for advanced or metastatic cancers, where the tumor has spread to other parts of the body.
• Targeted Therapies: In some cases, therapies that target specific esophageal cancer targets may be an option. These therapies target specific components of cancer cells, stopping their growth and division.

The specific treatment for each patient depends on the stage of the cancer, the location of the tumor and the patient's general health.

ESOPHAGEAL CANCER PREVENTION

Preventing esophageal cancer involves adopting healthy measures and reducing risk factors. Here are some measures that can help prevent esophageal cancer:

• Quitting smoking: is one of the most effective strategies for reducing the likelihood of developing esophageal cancer. Smoking is one of the main risk factors for this disease.
• Reduce Alcohol Consumption: Reducing or eliminating alcohol consumption is also beneficial. Excessive alcohol can damage the esophagus and increase the risk of cancer.
• Maintaining an adequate weight: is beneficial in reducing the chances of developing esophageal cancer. Obesity is associated with a higher risk of cancer and acid reflux.
• Treating Gastroesophageal Reflux: If you have chronic gastroesophageal reflux, it is important to treat it properly. This may include dietary changes, medications to reduce gastric acidity, and lifestyle adjustments.
• Balanced Diet: A diet rich in fruits, vegetables and fiber can be protective. Additionally, avoid very spicy, acidic or fatty foods, which can irritate the esophagus.

Furthermore, it is essential to be aware of the symptoms and have regular checkups, especially if you are in a risk group. Early detection of esophageal cancer significantly increases the chances of successful treatment.